MooseX::Getopt(3)

NAME
MooseX::Getopt - A Moose role for processing command line options

SYNOPSIS
  ## In your class
  package My::App;
  use Moose;

  with 'MooseX::Getopt';

  has 'out' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1);
  has 'in'  => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1);

  # ... rest of the class here

  ## in your script
  #!/usr/bin/perl

  use My::App;

  my $app = My::App->new_with_options();
  # ... rest of the script here

  ## on the command line
  % perl my_app_script.pl -in file.input -out file.dump

DESCRIPTION
This is a role which provides an alternate constructor for creating objects using parameters passed in from the command line.

This module attempts to DWIM as much as possible with the command line params by introspecting your class's attributes. It will use the name of your attribute as the command line option, and if there is a type constraint defined, it will configure Getopt::Long to handle the option accordingly.

You can use the trait MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::Trait or the attribute metaclass MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute to get non-default commandline option names and aliases.

You can use the trait MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::Trait::NoGetopt or the attribute metaclass MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute::NoGetopt to have "MooseX::Getopt" ignore your attribute in the commandline options.

By default, attributes which start with an underscore are not given commandline argument support, unless the attribute's metaclass is set to MooseX::Getopt::Meta::Attribute. If you don't want your accessors to have the leading underscore in their name, you can do this:

  # for read/write attributes
  has '_foo' => (accessor => 'foo', ...);

  # or for read-only attributes
  has '_bar' => (reader => 'bar', ...);

This will mean that Getopt will not handle a --foo param, but your code can still call the "foo" method.

If your class also uses a configfile-loading role based on MooseX::ConfigFromFile, such as MooseX::SimpleConfig, MooseX::Getopt's "new_with_options" will load the configfile specified by the "--configfile" option (or the default you've given for the configfile attribute) for you.

Options specified in multiple places follow the following precendence order: commandline overrides configfile, which overrides explicit new_with_options parameters.

  Supported Type Constraints

Bool
    A Bool type constraint is set up as a boolean option with Getopt::Long. So that this attribute description:

      has 'verbose' => (is => 'rw', isa => 'Bool');

    would translate into "verbose!" as a Getopt::Long option descriptor, which would enable the following command line options:

      % my_script.pl --verbose
      % my_script.pl --noverbose

Int, Float, Str
    These type constraints are set up as properly typed options with Getopt::Long, using the "=i", "=f" and "=s" modifiers as appropriate.

ArrayRef
    An ArrayRef type constraint is set up as a multiple value option in Getopt::Long. So that this attribute description:

      has 'include' => (
          is      => 'rw',
          isa     => 'ArrayRef',
          default => sub { [] }
      );

    would translate into "includes=s@" as a Getopt::Long option descriptor, which would enable the following command line options:

      % my_script.pl --include /usr/lib --include /usr/local/lib

HashRef
    A HashRef type constraint is set up as a hash value option in Getopt::Long. So that this attribute description:

      has 'define' => (
          is      => 'rw',
          isa     => 'HashRef',
          default => sub { {} }
      );

    would translate into "define=s%" as a Getopt::Long option descriptor, which would enable the following command line options:

      % my_script.pl --define os=linux --define vendor=debian

  Custom Type Constraints
It is possible to create custom type constraint to option spec mappings if you need them. The process is fairly simple (but a little verbose maybe). First you create a custom subtype, like so:

  subtype 'ArrayOfInts'
      => as 'ArrayRef'
      => where { scalar (grep { looks_like_number($_) } @$_)  };

Then you register the mapping, like so:

  MooseX::Getopt::OptionTypeMap->add_option_type_to_map(
      'ArrayOfInts' => '=i@'
  );

Now any attribute declarations using this type constraint will get the custom option spec. So that, this:

  has 'nums' => (
      is      => 'ro',
      isa     => 'ArrayOfInts',
      default => sub { [0] }
  );

Will translate to the following on the command line:

  % my_script.pl --nums 5 --nums 88 --nums 199

This example is fairly trivial, but more complex validations are easily possible with a little creativity. The trick is balancing the type constraint validations with the Getopt::Long validations.

Better examples are certainly welcome :)

  Inferred Type Constraints
If you define a custom subtype which is a subtype of one of the standard "Supported Type Constraints" above, and do not explicitly provide custom support as in "Custom Type Constraints" above, MooseX::Getopt will treat it like the parent type for Getopt purposes.

For example, if you had the same custom "ArrayOfInts" subtype from the examples above, but did not add a new custom option type for it to the "OptionTypeMap", it would be treated just like a normal "ArrayRef" type for Getopt purposes (that is, "=s@").

METHODS

  new_with_options (%params)
This method will take a set of default %params and then collect params from the command line (possibly overriding those in %params) and then return a newly constructed object.

The special parameter "argv", if specified should point to an array reference with an array to use instead of @ARGV.

If "GetOptions" in Getopt::Long fails (due to invalid arguments), "new_with_options" will throw an exception.

If Getopt::Long::Descriptive is installed and any of the following command line params are passed, the program will exit with usage information (and the option's state will be stored in the help_flag attribute). You can add descriptions for each option by including a documentation option for each attribute to document.

  --?
  --help
  --usage

If you have Getopt::Long::Descriptive the "usage" param is also passed to "new" as the usage option.

  ARGV
This accessor contains a reference to a copy of the @ARGV array as it originally existed at the time of "new_with_options".

  extra_argv
This accessor contains an arrayref of leftover @ARGV elements that Getopt::Long did not parse. Note that the real @ARGV is left un-mangled.

  usage
This accessor contains the Getopt::Long::Descriptive::Usage object (if Getopt::Long::Descriptive is used).

  help_flag
This accessor contains the boolean state of the --help, --usage and --? options (true if any of these options were passed on the command line).

  meta
This returns the role meta object.

  process_argv (%params)
This does most of the work of "new_with_options", analyzing the parameters and argv, except for actually calling the constructor. It returns a MooseX::Getopt::ProcessedArgv object. "new_with_options" uses this method internally, so modifying this method via subclasses/roles will affect "new_with_options".

AUTHORS

•   Stevan Little <stevan@iinteractive.com>

•   Brandon L. Black <blblack@gmail.com>

•   Yuval Kogman <nothingmuch@woobling.org>

•   Ryan D Johnson <ryan@innerfence.com>

•   Drew Taylor <drew@drewtaylor.com>

•   Tomas Doran <bobtfish@bobtfish.net>

•   Florian Ragwitz <rafl@debian.org>

•   Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsaaker <ilmari@ilmari.org>

•   var Arnfjoerd` Bjarmason <avar@cpan.org>

•   Chris Prather <perigrin@cpan.org>

•   Karen Etheridge <ether@cpan.org>

•   Jonathan Swartz <swartz@pobox.com>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Infinity Interactive, Inc.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.